Histamine in burn injury

Histamine is released in the early phase after a burn injury from mast cells. It causes arteriolar dilatation and constricts venules. This acts to increase perfusion through capillary beds. Also, it increases capillary permeability contributing to the early peak of oedema within the first hour.

Histamine activates the enzyme xanthine oxidase and so may trigger the cascade of free-radical production.

Also, it is involved in the triggering of a pain sensation around the site of the burn.

Animal burn models have shown that the increased permeability and perfusion can be attenuated by mast cell stabilizers or H2 antagonists.