Aetiology
Causes include:
- increased left ventricular requirements:
- high output states e.g. thyrotoxicosis, anaemia, polycythaemia
- high output states e.g. thyrotoxicosis, anaemia, polycythaemia
- increased resistance to left ventricular evacuation:
- systemic hypertension
- hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- coarctation of aorta
- aortic stenosis
- inefficient emptying of left ventricle:
- aortic incompetence
- mitral incompetence
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