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Longitudinal failure of formation

Authoring team

Congenital longitudinal failure of formation of the upper limb can be subdivided into deficiencies that are:

  • preaxial - radial club hand/radial dysplasia
  • central - cleft hand/central ray deficiency
  • post-axial - ulnar club hand/ulnar dysplasia

Some authorities place the intercalated defects - phocomelia - in this group.

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