Eosinophilic disease
Eosinophilia is defined as an increase of circulating eosinophils >500 /mm3. Based on the counts, eosinophilia can be divided into different categories: mild (500 to 1500/mm3), moderate (1500 to 5000/mm3), and severe (> 5000/mm3). Hypereosinophilic syndrome is defined as an absolute eosinophil count greater than 1500/mm3 on two occasions at least one month apart or marked tissue eosinophilia.
Eosinophilia can be primary or secondary;
Primary causes
- Chronic eosinophilic leukaemia
- Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with rearrangements of PDGFRA, PDGFRAB, or FGFR1 genes
- Hereditary eosinophilia
- Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
Secondary causes:
- Parasitic infestations: ancylostomiasis, ascariasis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis (hydatid cyst), schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, trichinellosis, visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis)
- Fungal and bacterial infections: bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic tuberculosis (occasionally), coccidioidomycosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, scarlet fever
- Allergic disorders: bronchial asthma, hay fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, drug, and food allergic reactions, DRESS syndrome
- Skin diseases: Atopic dermatitis, eczema, pemphigus, Mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome
- Graft versus host reaction
- Connective tissue disease: Churg-Strauss syndrome, eosinophilic myalgia syndrome
- Miscellaneous: reactive pulmonary eosinophilia, tropical eosinophilia, pancreatitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Reference
- Klion AD. Eosinophilia: a pragmatic approach to diagnosis and treatment. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2015;2015:92-7
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