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Diagnosis

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

diagnosis

A positive diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis can be achieved through demonstrating the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts or Cryptosporidium antigen in a sample.

Cryptosporidiumoocysts in the stool can be detected using acid-fast or auramine-phenol staining
antigen-detection assays are more sensitive and can be used if oocysts are not detected in stool specimens and if suspicion is high for cryptosporidiosis or limited oocyst excretion
- genotyping and subtyping tools are being increasingly used to differentiate Cryptosporidiumspecies in outbreak investigations and infection/contamination source tracking (1,2,3)

Oocyst excretion can be intermittent; therefore, the parasite may not be detected in every stool sample, and stool specimens collected on 3 consecutive days should be examined before considering test results to be negative (2).

Types of specimens used to examine for Cryptosporidium include the following:

stool
- most commonly examined specimen
- useful in any patient with community acquired or unexplained diarrhoea
jejuna +/- gastric biopsy
- persistent idiopathic gastrointestinal symptoms in high risk groups
bile from endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography
- if symptoms of cholangitis in high risk groups
sputum/ bronchoalveolar lavage
- high risk patients with profound immunosuppression and unexplained respiratory symptoms
antral washout
- high risk patients with profound immunosuppression and unexplained sinusitis

Note:

clinicians should be familiar with local laboratory practices and should specifically request Cryptosporidium testing on the request form (3)

Reference:

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