Substances that cause fever are called pyrogens.
Exogenous pyrogens are mostly derived from microbes, microbial products or toxins, such as gram-negative endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharides) or the toxin from Staphyllococcus aureus, which a cause septicaemic and toxic shock respectively.
Endogenous pyrogens are cytokines (polypeptides) produced in particular by monocyte macrophages but also by skin, endothelial, epithelial and glial cells.
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