Aetiology of cranial nerve XI palsy
Accessory nerve palsy may have unilateral and bilateral causes.
Unilateral causes include:
- trauma involving the neck or the base of the skull
- syringomyelia
- tumours - near the jugular foramen
- poliomyelitis
- platybasia
Bilateral causes include:
- motor neuron disease
- poliomyelitis
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
Note that bilateral sternomastoid and trapezius paralysis may also occur in myotonic dystrophy.
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