Management

Moyamoya disease can be treated medically or surgically, but both are generally unsatisfactory. (1)

• medical treatment - vasodilators, steroids and anticoagulants are ineffective
• surgical treatment - aimed at revascularisation of ischaemic areas

The overall prognosis is variable. Two-thirds of patients with Moyamoya disease have a symptomatic progression over five years with poor outcomes. Progression of the occlusive process continues regardless of symptom severity, ongoing treatment, age, sex, type and location of the disease. Early surgical revascularization has a preferable prognosis (2)

Reference

1. Zhang X, Xiao W, Zhang Q, et al; Progression in Moyamoya Disease: Clinical Features, Neuroimaging Evaluation, and Treatment. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2022;20(2):292-308
2. Hertza J et al. Moyamoya disease: a review of the literature. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2014;21(1):21-7.