Extra-articular manifestations
The extra-skeletal manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis are:
- cardiac complications:
- aortic valve disease usually causing aortic regurgitation
- conduction defects
- carditis
- pulmonary fibrosis:
- usually upper lobes
- usually upper lobes
- ocular involvement:
- anterior uveitis, is unilateral and more common in patients who have peripheral joint involvement
- anterior uveitis, is unilateral and more common in patients who have peripheral joint involvement
- amyloidosis
- neurological complications:
- spinal fractures
- cauda equina syndrome
Red: Scott JT (1986). Copeman's Textbook of the Rheumatic Diseases, 6th edn. Churchill Livingstone.
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