Complications
Complications include:
- hypertension - 90% of patients in end stage renal failure
- anaemia in 80% of patients in end stage renal failure
- renal osteodystrophy
- accelerated atherosclerosis, which is clinically significant in 60% of patients in end stage renal failure. Hypercalcaemia and oxalosis may exacerbate the vessel occlusion by accelerating calcification of the plaques
- mixed sensorimotor neuropathy in 65% of patients starting dialysis
- multiple renal cysts:
- 40% of patients develop cysts
- 30% of these cysts contain a neoplasm
- 10% of the neoplasms are malignant
- sexual disturbance:
- loss of libido and infertility
- 50% of males become impotent
- many females are amenorrhoeic
Reference
- Lowe K et al. Complications in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2022 Dec;34(4):395-407.
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