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Autonomic regulation of cardiac output

Authoring team

The main features of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems relevant to the regulation of cardiac output are summarised below:

  • sympathetic nervous system:
    • innervates conducting tissue, atria and ventricles
    • positive chronotropy - increases the heart rate
    • positive inotropy - increases the force of contraction

  • parasympathetic nervous system (Vagal nerve):
    • innervates conducting tissue and atria
    • negative chronotropy

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