Balkan nephropathy
Balkan nephropathy is a rare cause of papillary necrosis and of urothelial cancer arising in the upper urinary tract.
It occurs in isolated villages in the Balkans and is thought to be due to a toxin produced by a fungus that attacks grain stored in damp barns.
Clinical features include:
- beta2-microglobulinuria
- copper/yellow pigmentation of the palms and soles
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