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Left ventricular third heart sounds

Authoring team

The LV third heart sound is maximal at the apex when the patient is inclined to the left. It may be a normal finding in children, young adults and during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Possible causes of a LV third heart sound include:

  • a raised left atrial pressure e.g. LV failure and severe mitral regurgitation
  • a large anterior infarct, irrespective of left atrial pressure

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