Risk factors
Risk factors for infective endocarditis include: (1) (2)
- congenital lesions:
- ventral septal defect
- tetralogy of Fallot
- coarctation of aorta
- patent ductus arteriosus
- vascular abnormalities:
- rheumatic involvement of any valve - but now less important in developed countries
- bicuspid or calcific aortic valve
- hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
- mitral valve prolapse - most prevalent
- I.V. drug abuse
- abortion
- prosthetic valve replacement
- cardiac / urinary catheterisation
- any invasive diagnostic or surgical procedure e.g.:
- dental
- upper respiratory
- urological
- lower GI
- less commonly, upper GI and gynaecological
Reference.
1. British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2012). Guidelines for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults (http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/67/2/269)
2. European Society of Cardiology (Aug 2023). 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis.
Related pages
- Ventricular septal defect
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Rheumatic fever
- Bicuspid aortic valve
- AS (aortic stenosis)
- Aortic regurgitation
- Mitral stenosis
- Tricuspid stenosis
- Mitral regurgitation
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Abortion
- Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography
- Urinary catheterisation
- Valve replacements
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