Jugular venous pressure (raised)
Causes of a raised JVP may be classified into those due to:
- increased right ventricular filling pressure
- obstruction of blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle
- superior vena caval obstruction
- positive intrathoracic pressure
The JVP usually drops on inspiration along with intrathoracic pressure. The reverse pattern, called Kussmaul's sign, may be seen.
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