Aetiology
The principal aetiological factor in BCC development is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UVB wavelengths, although UVA also contributes. (1,3)
Meta-analyses confirm a significantly higher incidence among outdoor workers, with risk increasing at lower latitudes. Among White individuals, Fitzpatrick skin type is a strong predictor, with types I and II carrying the greatest susceptibility. (2)
UVB should be viewed as a hazard to children and adolescents, as about one quarter of lifetime exposure occurs before 18 years of age. (4)
Gorlin syndrome - also called Gorlin-Goltz syndrome - is a rare autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome characterized by numerous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), along with skeletal, ophthalmologic, and neurologic abnormalities. Multiple neoplasms arise starting in childhood. (5)
Reference:
- Verkouteren JAC, Ramdas KHR, Wakkee M, Nijsten T. Epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma: scholarly review. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Aug;177(2):359-372.
- Bauer A, Diepgen TL, Schmitt J. Is occupational solar ultraviolet irradiation a relevant risk factor for basal cell carcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological literature. Br J Dermatol. 2011 Sep;165(3):612-25.
- Reifenberger J. Basal cell carcinoma: molecular genetics and unusual clinical features. Hautarzt. 2007 May;58(5):406-11.
- Balk SJ; Council on Environmental Health; Section on Dermatology. Ultraviolet radiation: a hazard to children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011 Mar;127(3):e791-817.
- Hasan A, Akintola D. An Update of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome. Prim Dent J. 2018 Sep 01;7(3):38-41
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