Local causes of epistaxis
Local causes of epistaxis:
- chronic sinusitis
- irritants (cigarette smoke)
- medications (e.g. topical corticosteroids)
- rhinitis
- trauma:
- nose picking
- foreign body
- fracture of the nasal bones, skull or sinuses
- nasal surgery
- nasal vessel degeneration
- septal deviation and perforation
- vascular malformation (e.g. telangiectasia)
- neoplastic:
- polyp of the septum
- carcinoma of the nose or sinuses usually causes a sero-sanguinous discharge rather than frank epistaxis
- epistaxis, often unilateral, is a common presentation of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- an angiofibroma is an uncommon cause of epistaxis in young boys
- Wegener's granulomatosis
Reference
- Tunkel DE, Anne S, Payne SC, et al. Clinical practice guideline: nosebleed (epistaxis). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 Jan;162(suppl 1):S1-38.
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