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Aetiology

Authoring team

Causes include:

  • strabismus - normal acuity develops in the eye used habitually for fixation, amblyopia in the non-preferred eye. This is most common in esotropia and rare in exotropia and hypertropia. It does not usually occur if there is spontaneous alternation of fixation.
  • anisometropia; the eye with the greater refractive error is at risk of amblyopia.
  • combined strabismic and refractive
  • less commonly
    • ametropia- if refractive error is large and symmetrical, may cause bilateral amblyopia
    • stimulus deprivation(rare) - amblyopia results from interruption of the formation of an image on the retina:
      • unilateral
        • monocular cataract
        • ptosis
        • hyphaema
        • opaque cornea
        • cloudy vitreous
        • iatrogenic - prolonged patching or prolonged atropine eyedrops
      • bilateral
      • nystagmus
        • cataract

Reference:

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