T-test (paired and unpaired)

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unpaired t-test (also known as the student's t-test) and the paired t-test both assume that analysed data is from a normal distribution

applied to two independent groups e.g. diabetic patients versus non-diabetics

sample size from the two groups may or may not be equal

in addition to the assumption that the data is from a normal distribution, there is also the assumption that the standard deviation (SD)s is approximately the same in both groups

data is derived from study subjects who have been measured at two time points (so each individual has two measurements). The two measurements generally are before and after a treatment intervention

95% confidence interval is derived from the difference between the two sets of paired observations

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variable	diabetes Mean (SD)	No diabetes Mean (SD)	Mean difference 95% CI	p-value
Age (years)	68.8 (8.7)	73.3 (9.0)	4.2 (3.1, 5.3)	p <0.0001
Heart rate (bpm)	75 (15.0)	76.1 (14.9)	1.1 (-0.9, 3.1)	p 0.85

T-test (paired and unpaired)

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