Complications

Complications include:

• hypertension - 90% of patients in end stage renal failure
• anaemia in 80% of patients in end stage renal failure
• renal osteodystrophy
• accelerated atherosclerosis, which is clinically significant in 60% of patients in end stage renal failure. Hypercalcaemia and oxalosis may exacerbate the vessel occlusion by accelerating calcification of the plaques
• mixed sensorimotor neuropathy in 65% of patients starting dialysis
• multiple renal cysts:
  • 40% of patients develop cysts
  • 30% of these cysts contain a neoplasm
  • 10% of the neoplasms are malignant
• sexual disturbance:
  • loss of libido and infertility
  • 50% of males become impotent
  • many females are amenorrhoeic

Reference

1. Lowe K et al. Complications in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2022 Dec;34(4):395-407.