Renal manifestations
Kidney is the most frequently affected visceral organ in SLE
- seen in up to 50% of patients with SLE (but biopsy studies have revealed some degree of renal involvement in almost all patients) (1)
- the risk of severe nephritis is higher in children than in elderly patients (2)
- glomerular disease is usually asymptomatic and occurs within the first few years of the disease (1)
- proteinuria and haematuria are common and range from mild to severe.
Other renal manifestations may include:
- glomerulonephritis
- red cell casts
- renal failure, severe nephrotic syndrome and hypertension occur in about 20% of patients. Hypertension is a poor prognostic sign requiring aggressive treatment.
May be divided into glomerular, tubular or vascular.
Reference:
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