Clinical and biochemical features associated with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and the common subtypes of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
| type I DM | type 2 Dm | GCK-MODY | HNF1A/4A-MODY |
typical age of diagnosis (years) | 10-30 | >25 | present from birth; presents at any age | 15-45 |
diabetic ketoacidosis | common | rare | rare | rare |
insulin dependent | yes | no | no | no |
parental history of diabetes | <15% | >50% in young onset type 2 diabetes | if tested one parent usually has impaired fasting glycaemia (may not be previously known) | 60-90% |
obesity | uncommon | common | uncommon | uncommon |
insulin resistance | uncommon | common | uncommon | uncommon |
presence of β cell antibodies | >90% | negative | rare | rare |
C peptide concentrations | undetectable/low | normal/high | normal | normal |
optimal first line treatment | insulin | Metformin | none | Sulfonylurea |
GCK - glucokinase.
HNF1A/4A - hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α/4α
Reference;
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