Reflex autonomic regulation of cardiac output
The main features of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems relevant to the regulation of cardiac output are summarised below:
- sympathetic nervous system:
- innervates conducting tissue, atria and ventricles
- positive chronotropy - increases the heart rate
- positive inotropy - increases the force of contraction
- parasympathetic nervous system (Vagal nerve):
- innervates conducting tissue and atria
- negative chronotropy
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