Weakness (proximal)
This is likely to be the result of a myopathy (especially if there is no associated sensory loss).
Possible causes include:
- genetic conditions
- muscular dystrophies
- Kugelberg-Welander disease
- an acquired myopathy (remembered by the mnemonic PACE, PODS)
- P polymyositis and dermatomyositis
- A alcohol
- C carcinoma
- E endocrine, e.g. hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypopituitarism, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome
- P periodic paralysis, e.g. hypokalaemic, hyperkalaemic, normokalaemic
- O osteomalacia
- D drugs, e.g. steroids, clofibrate, chloroquine
- S sarcoidosis
- myasthenia gravis
- others: note that a proximal myopathy may occur in some peripheral neuropathies, e.g. alcohol, connective tissue disease, paraneoplastic syndrome
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