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Clinical features

Authoring team

The clinical features of a carotid cavernous fistula are usually unilateral but bilateral signs may develop as a result of communication with the contralateral venous sinus.

Characteristically, there is:

  • sudden onset of pain
  • prominent facial veins
  • III, IV and VI nerve palsies
  • papilloedema, retinal haemorrhage, optic atrophy and consequent visual impairment
  • exophthalmos - may be pulsatile
  • cranial bruit heard best over the eyeball

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The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

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