ventricular ectopics - these are common, but ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation and sudden death are rare.
atrial fibrillation - this occurs with increasing age and left atrial enlargement.
thrombo-embolism - this is a rare complication.
infective endocarditis - this occurs more frequently with mild mitral regurgitation than with any other lesion (approx. 5%).
chordal rupture - this occurs in a small proportion of patients with prolapsing valves. This condition causes a sudden increase in mitral regurgitation and left ventricular failure which is often transient.
pulmonary hypertension - this is less common in mitral regurgitation than mitral stenosis. It is more frequent in patients with small left atria.
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