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Clinical features

Authoring team

There is restriction to ventricular filling which may result in dependent oedema, ascites and an enlarged liver.

The following points are noted on cardiovascular examination:

  • the JVP is raised
  • Kussmaul's sign may be detected
  • the apex beat is usually palpable (in contrast to constrictive pericarditis)
  • heart sounds may be distant
  • S3 and S4 may be present

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