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Types of ankle sprain

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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Three ankle ligaments are susceptible to trauma:

  • inferior tibio-fibular ligaments:
    • these ligaments, in conjunction with the interosseous membrane, prevent lateral displacement of the fibula and lateral drift of the talus during dorsiflexion
    • usually accompanies severe injury to the ankle, often with fracture
    • treatment involves stabilisation of the tibia and fibula by a screw from one bone to the other

  • lateral ligaments:
    • the lateral ligaments consist of three parts, any one of which can be damaged by sprains, but especially inversion injuries
    • compromised lateral ligaments permit the talus to move relative to the tibia and fibula, possible resulting in chronic instability
    • operative repair is not performed acutely in the UK
    • late repair repair is not possible - the usual treatment being tenodesis e.g. the Dilwyn-Evans procedure

  • medial ligaments:
    • the fan-shaped medial deltoid ligaments are far stronger than their lateral counterparts, hence stress here tends to pull the medial malleolus off of the shaft of the tibia
    • reduction of the ligament and bone may be required

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