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Surface anatomy of heart

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Standardly, the surface features of the heart in the anatomical position are described in terms of:

  • shape: apex and base
  • borders
  • surfaces
  • grooves or sulci

It is important to note that there may be inconsistencies of the surface features due to variations in shape e.g. borders may be poorly defined and hence surfaces are more difficult to identify.


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