Aetiology
The possible aetiologies of dysphonia include:
- laryngeal disease, e.g. following a viral infection or tumour of the vocal cord
- hyperkinetic causes:
- vocal abuse
- chronic laryngitis
- polyps
- nodules
- contact ulcers
- laryngeal structural abnormalities:
- webs
- anomalies
- inflammation
- stenosis
- burns
- neoplasm
- recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
- hysteria
- nasal resonance - hyper- or hyponasality
- myopathy secondary to inhaled corticosteroids
Reference
- Johns MM et al. Shortfalls of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery's Clinical practice guideline: Hoarseness (Dysphonia). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Aug;143(2):175-7; discussion 175-80.
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