Regulation

6-phosphofructokinase is inhibited by:

• ATP; hence, an energy-loaded cell can minimize energy production by glycolysis; AMP has the reverse effect
• low blood glucose concentration; hence, glycolysis is reduced when the substrate is sparse so conserving it for tissues in which it is an obligatory fuel source
• acidity; hence, there is a means of reducing glycolytic production of excessive lactic acid
• citric acid; hence, there is negative feedback from the tricarboxylic acid cycle as a means of reducing biosynthetic precursor supply when they are in abundance

Alternatively, 6-phosphofructokinase is stimulated by:

• fructose-6-phosphate; hence, an excess of substrate can speed its utilization - positive feedforward
• fructose-2,6-biphosphate; hence, the product of the reaction can increase its own production - positive feedback