Staging
The staging of a Wilms' tumour is primarily performed at surgery, and involves assessment of liver, retroperitoneal lymph nodes and ascitic fluid cytology.
- stage 1 - local tumour limited to kidney, totally excised
- stage 2 - regional tumour ie local tumour spillage and/or invasion through or beyond capsule, but totally excised
- stage 3 - residual regional disease and/or positive lymph nodes and/or massive tumour spillage
- stage 4 - distant metastases - liver, lung, bone, brain
- stage 5 - bilateral renal involvement
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