it has been shown that the regulatory T-cells known as T-helper type 3 (Th3) exert their action primarily through transforming growth factor (TGF) family cytokines, especially beta-1 (TGF-ß1), in humans
TGF has been found in the eyes, the placenta, the testes, the central nervous system, and the adrenal cortex
TGF-ß1 plays a role as both a modulator and suppressor of Th1 cytokines (1)
therefore Th3 cytokines play an important role in balancing Th1 and Th2 cytokines to prevent severe cell-mediated inflammatory reactions
Reference:
Strober B et al. Reciprocal IFN-gamma and TGF-beta responses regulate the occurrence of mucosal inflammation. Immunology Today 1997;18: 61–64.
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