Testing flexion (L5,S1) - ask the patient to position his leg so that the knee is flexed and the sole of his foot is on the bed - then ask him to pull his heel up towards his bottom and you (the examiner) try to resist his effort.
Testing extension (L3,4) - from the same starting position as for testing flexion, ask the patient to push his foot away ('kick out') whilst you resist his effort.
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