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Aetiology

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A thoracic outlet syndrome can be caused by compression of the C8 and T1 nerve roots and/or subclavian artery from:

  • cervical rib
  • enlarged seventh cervical transverse process
  • fibrous band uniting seventh cervical transverse process to first rib (scalenus anterior syndrome)
  • low shoulder girdle
  • 'hyperabduction syndrome'
  • 'pectoralis minor syndrome'
  • Pancoast's tumour

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