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Extra-articular manifestations

Authoring team

The extra-skeletal manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis are:

  • cardiac complications:
    • aortic valve disease usually causing aortic regurgitation
    • conduction defects
    • carditis

  • pulmonary fibrosis:
    • usually upper lobes

  • ocular involvement:
    • anterior uveitis, is unilateral and more common in patients who have peripheral joint involvement

  • amyloidosis

  • neurological complications:
    • spinal fractures
    • cauda equina syndrome

Red: Scott JT (1986). Copeman's Textbook of the Rheumatic Diseases, 6th edn. Churchill Livingstone.


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