Dipstick urinanalysis (pH)
pH:
- The pH of normal urine is generally in the range 4.6 - 8, a typical average being around 6.0
- much of the variation is due to diet
- for example, high protein diets result in more acidic urine, but vegetarian diets generally result in more alkaline urine (both within the typical range 4.6 - 8)
- for example, high protein diets result in more acidic urine, but vegetarian diets generally result in more alkaline urine (both within the typical range 4.6 - 8)
- alkaline urine is associated with infection with urease-splitting organisms (e.g. Proteus, Klebsiella)
- urea splitting bacteria are related to the formation of struvite-apatite
- struvite stones are potentiated by bacterial infection that hydrolyzes urea to ammonium and raises urine pH to neutral or alkaline values
- upper urinary tract stones that involve the renal pelvis and extend into at least 2 calyces are classified as staghorn calculi
- although all types of urinary stones can potentially form staghorn calculi, approximately 75% are composed of a struvite-carbonate-apatite matrix
- although all types of urinary stones can potentially form staghorn calculi, approximately 75% are composed of a struvite-carbonate-apatite matrix
- urea splitting bacteria are related to the formation of struvite-apatite
- urine pH generally reflects the blood pH but this is not the case in renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
- type 1 RTA (distal) the urine is acidic but the blood alkaline
- type 2 RTA (proximal) the urine is initially alkaline
- however urine becomes more acidic as the disease progresses
- much of the variation is due to diet
Reference:
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