Prevention of urinary tract stones
It is important to drink plenty of fluid, especially in the summer months or a warm climate (urine output should be kept at > 3 litres per 24 hours).
Other prevention measures are directed towards the particular type of urinary tract stone:
- calcium stones - reduce calcium intake and avoid vitamin D supplements
- oxalate stones - reduce oxalate intake - foods with high oxalate content include chocolate, tea, nuts, beans, spinach, beetroot; reduce intake of citrus fruits (vitamin C)
- cystine stones - high fluid intake, alkalinization of urine, D-penicillamine acts as a chelating agent
- triple phosphate stones - antibiotics
- uric acid stones - allopurinol, urinary alkalinization
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