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Indications

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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These include:

  • large stones:
    • calculi less than 0.4 cm usually pass spontaneously and can, in some cases, be observed
    • 50% of calculi between 0.4 cm and 0.6 cm pass spontaneously; intervention may be required
    • less than 10% of stones greater then 0.6 cm pass spontaneously; intervention is often necessary
  • infection above the site of obstruction
  • failure of conservative treatment
  • evidence of renal impairment e.g. rising creatinine
  • presence of anatomical abnormalities which predispose to stone formation

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