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Clinical features

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

The clinical course of the disease is often protracted and extremely painful but usually remits if the patient stops smoking.

Major features may include:

  • peripheral ischaemia:
    • especially of the upper extremities
    • ischaemic areas are sharply demarcated from adjacent, well-perfused tissue
  • faint / absent pulses in small and medium sized arteries- commonly, radials, tibials and plantars; rarely, brachials or femorals
  • foot claudication
  • superficial thrombophlebitis
  • cold sensitivity
  • Raynaud's phenomenon
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • gangrene of the toes and fingers

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