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Gastrointestinal bleeding

Authoring team

Haematemesis, melaena or massive rectal bleeding are dramatic signs of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. It is important in such a case to assess the amount of blood loss and to determine the likely site of bleeding.

  • haematemesis indicates bleeding proximal to or including the duodenum
  • melaena usually results from upper gastrointestinal bleeding, although right-sided colonic and small bowel lesions can occasionally be responsible
  • massive rectal bleeding is usually from the distal colon, rectum or from a major bleeding site higher in the gastrointestinal tract

It is necessary to:

  • assess and replace blood loss
  • diagnose the source of blood loss
  • treat and control of source of bleeding

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The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

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