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Prognosis

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

The prognosis for patients with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumour is:

  • with no metastases - median survival 5-8 years
  • with metastases - median survival 38 months

Five-year survival rate of patients is approximately 75.1% in the stomach, 76.1% in the small intestine, 76.1% in the appendix, and 87.5% in the rectum (3)

Poor prognostic factors are (3):

  • carcinoid heart disease and high levels of tumor markers,
  • liver metastasis,
  • involvement of the thymus,
  • overexpression of the proliferation of Ki67,
  • mutation of the p53 gene

Reference:

  1. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2004 Mar;11(1):1-18.
  2. de Herder WW and Lamberts SWJ. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2004; Volume 18(4): 477-495.
  3. Gade AK, Olariu E, Douthit NT. Carcinoid Syndrome: A Review. Cureus. 2020 Mar 5;12(3):e7186. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7186.

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