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Function

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

The functions of the trachea are:

  • maintenance of airway patency:
    • against positive pressure from within the thoracic cavity by the discontinous ring of cartilage
    • against shearing of the trachea by longitudinal forces as the elasticity of the tube permits stretching; essential when:
      • swallowing - the larynx moves superiorly relative to the tracheal bifurcation
      • inspiring - the diaphragm and hence the central mediastinal contents including the tracheal bifurcation move inferiorly relative to the larynx
  • protection:
    • mucus from the goblet cells and submucosal glands traps particles
    • 'mucociliary escalator' of co-ordinated ciliary movement moves mucus to the larynx for swallowing
    • mucus humidifies the passing air to minimize dessication of mucosa
    • mucus warms the air
    • site of receptors for sensory nerves which run in vagus; involved with afferent limb of protective cough reflex
  • special reflexes e.g. trachealis contraction during cough decreases luminal calibre and elevates intratracheal pressure prior to release of vocal cords

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The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

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