the results of semen analysis conducted as part of an initial assessment should be compared with the following World Health Organization reference values:
semen volume: 1.5 ml or more
pH: 7.2 or more
sperm concentration: 15 million spermatozoa per ml or more total
sperm number: 39 million spermatozoa per ejaculate or more
total motility (percentage of progressive motility and non-progressive motility): 40% or more motile or 32% or more with progressive motility
vitality: 58% or more
live spermatozoa sperm morphology (percentage of normal forms): 4% or more
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