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Flail chest

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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The function of the ribs is to provide a framework upon which muscles act to generate breathing movements. Breathing movements result in pressure differences between the environment and the thorax. These pressure differences are resisted by the rib cage.

A direct blow to the chest may result in a localised disruption in the integrity of the rib cage. Most commonly, double fractures of the ribs result in a section of chest wall which cannot resist the pressure gradient generated during breathing.

The result is "paradoxical respiration":

  • the flail segment is drawn in during inspiration
  • the flail segment is pushed out during expiration

The loss of tidal volume may precipitate respiratory failure.


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The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

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