An exacerbation can be defined as a sustained worsening of the patient's symptoms from his or her usual stable state that is beyond normal day-to-day variations, is acute in onset and requires additional therapy.
A number of factors have been identified as the cause of exacerbation of COPD:
Exacerbations can be classified as (1)
For further details the consult the full guideline (1).
Reference:
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