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Cerebral infarction

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Cerebral infarction accounts for the majority of strokes yet is often difficult to distinguish from haemorrhage on clinical grounds.

Features suggestive of cerebral infarction include:

  • atrial fibrillation
  • history of TIAs
  • stuttering stroke
  • moderate headache
  • consciousness relatively unaffected
  • normal CSF
  • risk factors - atherosclerosis, age
  • carotid bruits
  • clinical evidence of internal carotid artery occlusion - facial pulses, retinal signs

Thrombosis and embolism are the main mechanisms. The precise effects depend upon the arterial territory affected.


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