stagnant urine with increased susceptibility to infection
overflow incontinence - sign of high pressure chronic retention with possible backflow to kidneys and progressive renal failure; bladder becomes greatly distended and atonic
trabeculation of the bladder musculature - the muscle hypertrophies to overcome the outflow obstruction
bladder diverticulae - sacculations between the hypertrophied muscle continue to enlarge in prolonged obstruction
calculi - stones may form in the bladder and its diverticulae
bilateral hydronephrosis - increased intravesical pressure transmitted back into the ureters and kidneys
renal failure - progressive renal parenchmal damage from ureteric sphincter damage and urinary reflux
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