Hepatic
Hepatic causes of portal hypertension arise from disturbance of the liver architecture, either pre-sinusoidal, sinusoidal or post-sinusoidal.
Pre-sinusoidal:
- alcoholic hepatitis
- congenital hepatic fibrosis
- idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension - more frequent in southern Asia
- schistosomiasis - important in some parts of the world
- partial nodular transformation
- granulomata - for example sarcoidosis
- myelosclerosis - myelofibrosis
Sinusoidal:
- cirrhosis - accounting for 85% of cases of portal hypertension in the USA. Specific types include (in decreasing order of frequency):
- alcoholic
- viral
- biliary / cholestatic
- others - Wilson's disease, haemochromatosis
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