Investigations
Investigation of AV fistula can be carried out through
- arteriograms - demonstrates characteristically rapid venous filling. However, it is difficult to locate exactly the site of the fistula.
- not commonly performed in the presence of a penetrating wound with normal vascularity.
- duplex or magnetic resonance imaging
- digital subtraction arteriography – is the gold standard for diagnosis AV fistula (1)
Branham's bradycardic response test is positive.
Reference:
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